Questions


 * Note: Do not expect the questions in your test to be verbatim from these questions, the portion shall be from these questions, the nature of question will of course be slightly different.**


 * UNIT 1: Digital Image Fundamentals**

1. What is Digital Image processing? State & explain the computerized processes used in DIP. 2. With a neat block diagram, explain the fundamental steps in digital image processing. 3. With the help of a neat block diagram, explain the components of a general purpose image processing system. Give an example for each of the component and explain how this system is different from other systems. 4. Draw & explain the structure of Human eye. 5. In connection with image processing system state: i) Important application areas where image processing is essential. ii) Components of an image processing system. 6. Explain the following term as applicable to image processing with necessary graphs. i)Cones and Rods ii) Brightness adaptation iii) Isopreference 7. Discuss the different classes of receptors. 8. With the help of a diagram explain the distribution of rods & cones in the retina 9. Describe the principle of image formation in Human eye 10. Explain brightness adaptation & discrimination 11. Define Weber ratio 12.Explain in detail Mach bands & perceived brightness with diagrams. 13. Discuss optical illusions with examples


 * UNIT 2:**

i) Neighbors ii) Adjacency iii) Connectivity
 * 1) Discuss Image Sensing & Acquisition
 * 2) Explain how image acquisition is done using single sensor?
 * 3) Explain Microdensitometer type of image acquisition system
 * 4) Explain how image acquisition is done using sensor strips?
 * 5) With An example explain digital image acquisition process
 * 6) Explain the Illumination & reflectance model of the image
 * 7) Discuss the role of sampling & quantization processes with an example
 * 8) Discuss the role of sampling & quantization processes with an example
 * 9) Define spatial resolution & gray level resolution
 * 10) Explain the following a. False contouring b. Aliasing & Moiré patterns
 * 11) Explain any two methods used for digital image zooming & shrinking.
 * 12) What are the basic relationships between pixels? With neat diagrams and appropriate mathematicalexpressions explain:

13. Define different types of adjacency & explain how m - adjacency is different from 8 - adjacency with an example.

14. Write a note on different distance measures

15. For pixels p, q with co-ordinates (x, y) and (s, t) respectively find the distance metric D for the following cases: a. Euclidean distance De (p, q) b. City block distance D4 (p, q) c. Chessboard distance Dg (p, q) 16. Write a note on Image Operations on a Pixel Basis 17 .Explain linear & non linear operations

i) Convolution theorem iii) Conjugate symmetry ii) Periodicity iv) Separability
 * UNIT 3:**
 * 1) Define Image transforms & Basis images
 * 2) State the properties of 1D DFT/Unitary DFT.
 * 3) Discuss two dimensional orthogonal & unitary transforms & their properties.
 * 4) Prove the following properties of orthogonal unitary transforms:
 * 5) Energy conservation & rotation
 * 6) Energy compaction & variances
 * 7) Decorrelation
 * 8) Discuss the properties of 2D discrete Fourier Transform & prove circular convolution theorem.
 * 9) Explain in brief the following as applied to the Discrete Fourier Transform.

Plus some numericals


 * UNIT 4:**
 * 1) Give an expression for Discrete Cosine Transform & its inverse for a sequence u (n). Explain its properties.
 * 2) Give an expression for Discrete Sine Transform & its inverse for a sequence f(x). Explain its properties.
 * 3) Construct the Hadamard transform matrix of N = 4 & discuss Hadamard order. Explain its properties.
 * 4) Discuss the construct of Haar Transforms, and construct the Haar transform matrix of N = 4. Explain its properties.
 * 5) Construct the Slant transform matrix for n = 3. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Explain its properties.
 * 6) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Discuss sequency with respect to slant transform
 * 7) <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Give an expression for <span style="font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">KL transform. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">Explain its properties.

Plus numericals
 * UNIT 5:**
 * 1) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">What are principle objectives of image enhancement?
 * 2) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">State the different types of processing used for image enhancement.
 * 3) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Explain the Basic Gray Level Transformations used in image enhancement.
 * 4) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Discuss in detail Piecewise-Linear Transformation Functions.
 * 5) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Explain: i) Contrast stretching ii) Gray level slicing iii) Bit plane slicing.
 * 6) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">What is a histogram? Briefly explain the histogram equalization technique for image enhancement.
 * 7) E<span style="color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman,serif;">xplain image enhancement using Arithmetic & Logic operations.


 * UNIT 6:**
 * 1) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">What are the basic steps for image filtering in frequency domain? Explain with a block diagram.
 * 2) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Explain in detail Smoothing Frequency-domain filters (Low pass) related to images.
 * 3) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Explain in detail Sharpening Frequency-domain filters (High pass) related to images.
 * 4) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Draw the Spatial representation of Ideal, Butterworth and Gaussian high pass filters
 * 5) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">With an example Laplacian in the Frequency domain
 * 6) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">Explain Unsharp Masking, High-Boost Filtering,& High frequency Emphasis Filtering
 * 7) <span style="color: #000000; display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; text-align: justify;">With the help of a neat block diagram, explain the Homomorphic filtering.


 * UNIT 7:**


 * UNIT 8:**


 * 1) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: justify;">Explain the various color models in color image processing stating advantages & applications of each model.
 * 2) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: justify;">Explain with necessary expressions, the procedure for converting colors RGB to HSI and vice versa.
 * 3) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: justify;">With the help of block diagram explain Pseudo color Image Processing
 * 4) <span style="display: block; font-family: Times New Roman,serif; font-size: 14.6667px; text-align: justify;">Briefly describe the HSI color model, after defining the H-S-I parameters.